Isolated dysphagia due to aquaporin-4 autoimmunity

Abstract

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory, demyelinating disease that affects the spinal cord and optic nerves and is associated with aquaporin- 4 antibodies (Aqp-4 Ab). NMO patients might occasionally present with medulla symptoms such as hiccups, nausea and vomiting and with small lesions in the dorsal medulla, which corresponds to a site of high Aqp-4 expression.