The Association of MHC Molecules with COVID-19

Abstract

Novel SARS-CoV-2, has approximately 30 kb genome and belongs to the Betacoronavirus type. SARS-CoV-2 codes several structural spike (S) protein, envelope (E) protein, membrane (M) protein, nucleocapsid (N) protein and nonstructural proteins like the other coronaviruses. Various studies on SARS-CoV suggest that both humoral and celluler immune responses play a role in defense against this virus. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules have an important role in cellular and humoral immune response, various autoimmune diseases and rejection mechanisms. These properties of MC molecules emphasizes the importance of regulated MHC expressionlor the control of the immune response. The defects in the expression of MHC molecules may result in severe immunopathologic consequences. CD8+ T cells are the main effectors in antiviral immunity. Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes responses are crucial for initial viral clearance and immunologic memory. Heterogeneity in CD8+ T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 may be associated with the capacity to recognize Class 1 HLA antigens , and genetic susceptibility to viral infections may be associated with HLA haplotypes. The strongest immunogenic epitopes of spike glycoproteins for 8 and T cells would bind HLA Class l molecules and these epitopes could be used when designing vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2. The relation of 'SARS-Cov-2 with HLA locus in MHC region was investigated in the present review.