Development, Validation, and Reliability of the Teacher-Reported Pediatric Voice Handicap Index

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a novel teacher-reported pediatric voice outcome measure and to investigate its psychometric properties. Method: In the first stage, a new instrument, the Teacher-Reported Pediatric Voice Handicap Index (TRPVHI), was developed. After item generation, a panel of experts evaluated the items to assess the content validity. Subsequently, the final version of the preliminary instrument was applied to teachers of 306 children (57 dysphonic and 249 vocally healthy) between the ages of 4 and 11 years. Eventually, the construct validity, criterion-related validity, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency of the developed instrument were examined. Results: The items with a content validity ratio less than .8 were modified or removed, and accordingly, the preliminary version of the index was finalized. After the application of the preliminary version, item reduction was made based on the factor analysis. The index is composed of 27 questions and three subscales: Functional, Physical, and Emotional. A significant difference was observed between the dysphonic and vocally healthy children for the TRPVHI scores (p <.001). A positive moderate correlation was determined between the Pediatric Voice Handicap Index and TRPVHI scores. Correlation coefficients between the test and retest scores of the TRPVHI were in the range of .92-.98. Cronbach's alpha values computed to assess the internal consistency were in the range of .94-.98. Conclusions: The TRPVHI is the only valid and reliable teacher-reported outcome measure of the effects of voice disorders on children. It is anticipated that the deployment of the TRPVHI in conjunction with other subjective tools, both in the initial evaluation and the follow-up of the treatment results, will allow a better understanding of the physical, functional, and emotional effects of voice disorders on children. Furthermore, it can potentially lead further research to enable the use of the TRPVHI for screening purposes.