?(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol protects cardiac tissue against endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stresses, apoptosis, and inflammation in rats with hyperinsulinemia

Abstract

Objectives: In our study, we aimed to examine how delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration to hyperinsulinemia (HI) model rats would change endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in cardiac tissue. Methods: Rats were divided into four groups (n = 32): Control (C), THC, HI, and Treatment (Tre). Fructose (10%) in the drinking water was given to HI and Tre rats for 12 weeks. 1.5 mg/kg/d THC was given intraperitoneally to THC and Tre rats in the last 4 weeks of the experiment. The mRNA expressions of ERS and apoptosis markers in the cardiac tissue were detected. TNF-alpha concentration and oxidative stress were also analyzed. Key findings: THC treatment in rats with HI ameliorated the overexpression of GRP-78, IRE1 alpha, ATF6, ATF4, CHOP, Cas-12, Cas-8, Cas-9, and Cas-3 mRNAs, markers of ERS and apoptosis (P < .0001 for all). In addition, THC has been shown to reduce inflammation in the Tre group by causing a decrease in increased cardiac TNF-alpha levels (P < .01). Moreover, THC prevented cardiac tissue damage by regulating the degraded oxidative stress marker levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in HI. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that THC treatment in rats with HI exhibited a significant effect in ameliorating cardiac tissue damage by improving the antioxidant defense system, inflammation, apoptosis, ERS, and oxidative stress.