Yetiskinlerde Beden Kitle Indeksine Göre Saglikla Ilgili Yasam Kalitesinin, Saglikli Yasam Biçimi Davranislarinin ve Zayiflama Girisimlerinin Degerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Giris: Tüm dünyada ciddi bir halk saglik sorunu olan obeziteye yönelik çesitli önemler alinmasina ragmen, fazla kilolu ve obez birey sayisindaki artis devam etmektedir. Bu arastirmanin amaci yetiskinlerde beden kitle indekslerine göre saglikla ilgili yasam kalitesi, saglikli yasam biçimi davranislari ve zayiflama girisimlerini degerlendirmektir. Yöntem: Arastirma, ayakta tani ve/veya tedavi amaciyla özel bir hastaneye basvuran hasta ve hasta yakinlarina ulasilarak, dâhil edilme kosullarini saglayan, gönüllü 150 birey ile yürütülmüs kesitsel tipte bir çalismadir. Arastirmanin verileri, Bilgi Formu, Saglikli Yasam Biçimi Davranislari Ölçegi ve Saglikla Ilgili Yasam Kalitesi Ölçegi kullanilarak arastirmaci tarafindan yüz yüze görüsme teknigi ile toplanmistir. Beden kitle indekslerine (BKI) göre bireyler normal, fazla kilolu ve obez olarak üç gruba ayrilmistir. Bulgular: Bireylerin %23,3’ü obez, %’30’u fazla kilolu ve %46,7’si normal kiloludur. BKI arttikça zayiflama girisim oranlarinda anlamli derecede yükselme oldugu görülmüstür (p=0,0001). Obez bireylerde zayiflama amaciyla bitkisel destek kullanimi anlamli derecede yüksektir (p=0,029) ve fazla kilolu bireylerin %55,6’sinin saglik profesyonelleri disindaki kaynaklardan edindikleri diyet programlarini uyguladiklari görülmüstür. BKI arttikça Saglikla Ilgili Yasam Kalitesinin Fiziksel Fonksiyon alt grup ortalamasinda anlamli derecede azalma görülmüstür (p=0,0001). Obez bireylerin çogunlugunun (%82,9’unun) mevcut agirliklarindan memnun olmadiklari, dörtte birinin (%25,7’sinin) herhangi bir zayiflama girisiminde bulunmadigi, bununla birlikte obez bireylerin normal ve fazla kilolu bireylerle benzer ve orta düzeyde saglikli yasam biçimi davranislarini yasamlarina kattiklari görülmüstür (p=0,170). Sonuç: Obezitenin olasi risk faktörleri kadin, evli ve düsük egitim düzeyine sahip olmak ve herhangi bir iste çalismamak olarak degerlendirilebilir. BKI, saglikla ilgili yasam kalitesinin fiziksel saglik özet degerinde düsüklük ile iliskilidir. Obez bireyler zayiflama açisindan desteklenmeli ve ‘Saglikli Hayat Merkezlerine’ yönlendirilmelidir. Geleneksel diyet girisimleri yerine bireylerin yasam kalitesini artirmak için bütüncül (fiziksel, ruhsal, sosyal) bir yaklasim uygulanmalidir. Obezite tedavisinde vazgeçilmez role sahip diyetisyenler beslenmede davranis degisikligi ile ilgili bilgi, deneyim ve uygulama becerilerine sahip olmalidirlar.

Aim: Although various preventions are taken around the world for obesity, the increase in the number of overweight and obese individuals continues. The aim of this study was to evaluate health-related quality of life, healthy lifestyle behaviors and weight loss interventions according to body mass indexes in adults. Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out with 150 volunteers who provided the conditions of inclusion criteria. The Information Form, Healthy Lifestyle Behavior Scale and Health-Related Quality of Life Scale were applied by the researcher by face to face interview technique. According to body mass index (BMI), individuals were divided into three groups as normal, overweight and obese. Data was evaluated by using descriptive statistics. Results:. In the study (23.3%) individuals were obese, (30%) were overweight, (46.7%) were normal weight. As BMI increased, there was a significant increase in slimming intervention rates (p=0,0001). In obese individuals the use of herbal supplementation for slimming was significantly higher (p = 0.029) and 55,6% of overweight adults were observed to follow diet programs obtained from sources other than healthcare professionals. As the BMI increased, health-related quality of life was significantly decreased in physical function components p=0,0001. There was no significant difference between BMI and mental health components of quality of life (p = 0,568). The majority of obese individuals (82,9%) were not satisfied with their current weight, one fourth (25.7%) did not attempt any slimming interventions, but obese individuals have been to added similar and moderate healthy lifestyle behaviors to normal and overweight individual’s lives (p=0,170). Conclusion: According to our findings, possible risk factors of obesity can be considered as being female, married, low education level and not working in any job. BMI is associated with low physical health summary value of health-related quality of life. Individuals with these characteristics should be supported in terms of slimming and directed to Healthy Life Centers. Instead of traditional diet therapies, a holistic (physical, mental, social) approach should be applied to improve the quality of life of individuals. It is recommended that dietitians who have an important role in the treatment of obesity should have knowledge, experience and practice about behavioral change in nutrition.